Surface slopes of Tazewell County, Illinois

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Herschel/HIFI spectroscopy of the intermediate mass protostar NGC7129 FIRS 2

Herschel/HIFI observations of water from the intermediate mass protostar NGC 7129 FIRS 2 provide a powerful diagnostic of the physical conditions in this star formation environment. Six spectral settings, covering four H_2^(16)O and two H_2^(18)O lines, were observed and all but one H_2^(18)O line were detected. The four H_2 ^(16)O lines discussed here share a similar morphology: a narrower, ≈6km s^(−1), component centered slightly redward of the systemic velocity of NGC7129 FIRS 2 and a much broader, ≈25 km s^(−1) component centered blueward and likely associated with powerful outflows. The narrower components are consistent with emission from water arising in the envelope around the intermediate mass protostar, and the abundance of H_2O is constrained to ≈10^(−7) for the outer envelope. Additionally, the presence of a narrow self-absorption component for the lowest energy lines is likely due to self-absorption from colder water in the outer envelope. The broader component, where the H_2O/CO relative abundance is found to be ≈0.2, appears to be tracing the same energetic region that produces strong CO emission at high J

An analysis of security issues in building automation systems

The purpose of Building Automation Systems (BAS) is to centralise the management of a wide range of building services, through the use of integrated protocol and communication media. Through the use of IP-based communication and encapsulated protocols, BAS are increasingly being connected to corporate networks and also being remotely accessed for management purposes, both for convenience and emergency purposes. These protocols, however, were not designed with security as a primary requirement, thus the majority of systems operate with sub-standard or non-existent security implementations, relying on security through obscurity. Research has been undertaken into addressing the shortfalls of security implementations in BAS, however defining the threats against BAS, and detection of these threats is an area that is particularly lacking. This paper presents an overview of the current security measures in BAS, outlining key issues, and methods that can be improved to protect cyber physical systems against the increasing threat of cyber terrorism and hacktivism. Future research aims to further evaluate and improve the detection systems used in BAS through first defining the threats and then applying and evaluating machine learning algorithms for traffic classification and IDS profiling capable of operating on resource constrained BAS

Surface-sampled simulations of turbulent flow at high Reynolds number

A new approach to turbulence simulation, based on a combination of large-eddy simulation (LES) for the whole flow and an array of non-space-filling quasi-direct numerical simulations (QDNS), which sample the response of near-wall turbulence to large-scale forcing, is proposed and evaluated. The technique overcomes some of the cost limitations of turbulence simulation, since the main flow is treated with a coarse-grid LES, with the equivalent of wall functions supplied by the near-wall sampled QDNS. Two cases are tested, at friction Reynolds number Re$_\tau$=4200 and 20,000. The total grid node count for the first case is less than half a million and less than two million for the second case, with the calculations only requiring a desktop computer. A good agreement with published DNS is found at Re$_\tau$=4200, both in terms of the mean velocity profile and the streamwise velocity fluctuation statistics, which correctly show a substantial increase in near-wall turbulence levels due to a modulation of near-wall streaks by large-scale structures. The trend continues at Re$_\tau$=20,000, in agreement with experiment, which represents one of the major achievements of the new approach. A number of detailed aspects of the model, including numerical resolution, LES-QDNS coupling strategy and sub-grid model are explored. A low level of grid sensitivity is demonstrated for both the QDNS and LES aspects. Since the method does not assume a law of the wall, it can in principle be applied to flows that are out of equilibrium.Comment: Author accepted version. Accepted for publication in the International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids on 26 April 201

The Infrared and Radio Fluxes Densities of Galactic HII Regions

We derive infrared and radio flux densities of all ~1000 known Galactic HII regions in the Galactic longitude range 17.5 < l < 65 degree. Our sample comes from the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) catalog of Galactic \hii regions \citep{anderson2014}. We compute flux densities at six wavelengths in the infrared (GLIMPSE 8 microns, WISE 12 microns and 22 microns, MIPSGAL 24 microns, and Hi-GAL 70 microns and 160 microns) and two in the radio (MAGPIS 20 cm and VGPS 21 cm). All HII region infrared flux densities are strongly correlated with their ~20 cm flux densities. All HII regions used here, regardless of physical size or Galactocentric radius, have similar infrared to radio flux density ratios and similar infrared colors, although the smallest regions ($r<1\,$pc), have slightly elevated IR to radio ratios. The colors $\log_{10}(F_{24 micron}/F_{12 micron}) \ge 0$ and $\log_{10}(F_{70 micron}/F_{12 micron}) \ge 1.2$, and $\log_{10}(F_{24 micron}/F_{12 micron}) \ge 0$ and $\log_{10}(F_{160 micron}/F_{70 micron}) \le 0.67$ reliably select HII regions, independent of size. The infrared colors of ~22$\%$ of HII regions, spanning a large range of physical sizes, satisfy the IRAS color criteria of \citet{wood1989} for HII regions, after adjusting the criteria to the wavelengths used here. Since these color criteria are commonly thought to select only ultra-compact HII regions, this result indicates that the true ultra-compact HII region population is uncertain. Comparing with a sample of IR color indices from star-forming galaxies, HII regions show higher $\log_{10}(F_{70 micron}/F_{12 micron})$ ratios. We find a weak trend of decreasing infrared to ~20 cm flux density ratios with increasing $R_{gal}$, in agreement with previous extragalactic results, possibly indicating a decreased dust abundance in the outer Galaxy.Comment: 27 pages, 16 figures, 5 table

Development of a contra-rotating tidal current turbine and analysis of performance

A contra-rotating marine current turbine has a number of attractive features: nearzero reactive torque on the support structure, near-zero swirl in the wake, and high relative inter-rotor rotational speeds. Modified blade element modelling theory has been used to design and predict the characteristics of such a turbine, and a model turbine and test rig have been constructed. Tests in a towing tank demonstrated the feasibility of the concept. Power coefficients were high for such a small model and in excellent agreement with predictions, confirming the accuracy of the computational modelling procedures. Highfrequency blade loading data were obtained in the course of the experiments. These show the anticipated dynamic components for a contra-rotating machine. Flow visualization of the wake verified the lack of swirl behind the turbine. A larger machine is presently under construction for sea trials

Design and testing of a contra-rotating tidal current turbine

A contra-rotating marine current turbine has a number of attractive features: nearzero reactive torque on the support structure, near-zero swirl in the wake, and high relative inter-rotor rotational speeds. Modified blade element modelling theory has been used to design and predict the characteristics of such a turbine, and a model turbine and test rig have been constructed. Tests in a towing tank demonstrated the feasibility of the concept. Power coefficients were high for such a small model and in excellent agreement with predictions, confirming the accuracy of the computational modelling procedures. High-frequency blade loading data were obtained in the course of the experiments. These show the anticipated dynamic components for a contra-rotating machine. Flow visualization of the wake verified the lack of swirl behind the turbine. A larger machine is presently under construction for sea trials

Przysztosc uniwersytetu: racjonalne przewidywanie, nadzieja na reformy czy wykorzystanie możliwości technicznych?

The author seeks to answer the question: what will the university of the future be like? In the introduction he outlines the assumptions resulting from three different approaches taken in the debate on the university, approaches which in effect give different answers. These approaches are rational prediction, hoped-for reform and technical possibilities. The main theses of the conventional reform of the university result from the rational approach; in turn, the technical possibilities approach indicates growth chances of the university resulting from the application of new technologies and teaching techniques. After a critical analysis of each of these approaches, the author presents the probable direction of changes in the various areas of the university’s activities and answers the questions: what will the future programmes and teaching content be like, how ought these programmes to be carried out by teachers and students and who should be taught, for how long, in what scope and how open should higher studies be in the future.Autor poszukuje odpowiedzi na pytanie, jaki będzie uniwersytet przyszłości. Na wstępie zarysowuje założenia wynikające z trzech różnych podejść występujących w debacie o uniwersytecie, które w efekcie przynoszą inne odpowiedzi. Te podejścia to: racjonalne przewidywanie, nadzieja na reformy oraz wykorzystanie możliwości technicznych. Z ujęcia racjonalnego wynikają podstawowe tezy konwencjonalnej reformy uniwersytetu; ujęcie związane z możliwościami technicznymi ukazuje szanse rozwoju uniwersytetu wynikające z zastosowania nowych technologii i technik kształcenia. Po analizie krytycznej każdego z podejść autor prezentuje prawdopodobny kierunek zmian różnych aspektów funkcjonowania uniwersytetu, a także odpowiada na pytania: jakie będą przyszłe programy i treści kształcenia, w jaki sposób programy te powinny być realizowane przez nauczycieli i studentów, kto ma być kształcony, przez jaki czas, w jakim zakresie oraz jaka ma być w przyszłości dostępność studiów

International Perspectives on Student Financial Aid

This article was re-written by the author from a presentation he made at the Spring 1986 NASSGP/NCHELP Conference and is based upon material taken from a recent College Board book by the same author entitled Sharing the Costs of Higher Education: Student Financial Assistance in the United Kingdom, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Sweden, and the United States